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六十九、第九条诫命

143问:第九条诫命是什么?

答:第九条诫命是:“不可作假见证陷害人”(出20:16)。

Q. 143. Which is the ninth commandment?

A. The ninth commandment is, Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.

144问:在第九条诫命中,命令什么责任?

答:在第九条诫命中,命令的责任是:

  1. 保守并增进人与人之间的诚实(亚8:16);
  2. 保守并增进他人和我们自身的名誉(约叁12);
  3. 为事实真相挺身而出(箴言31:8-9);
  4. 在审判和公义之事上(利19:15,箴14:5,25),以及在其它各种事情上,发自内心(诗15:2),忠心诚实(代上19:9),不计代价(撒上19:4-5),不加隐瞒(书7:19),不偏左右(撒下14:18-20),实话实说,只讲事实真相(林后1:17-18;弗4:25);
  5. 以爱心尊重他人(来6:9;林前13:7);
  6. 爱护他们的名誉,愿意他们有好名声,并为之欢喜(罗1:8;约贰4;约叁3-4);
  7. 为他们的软弱难过(林后2:4;12:21),并加以遮掩(箴17:9;彼前4:8);
  8. 承认他们的恩赐和美德(林前1:4-5,7;提后1:4-5);
  9. 为他们的无辜辩护(撒上22:14);
  10. 关于他们的好消息,愿意接受(林前13:6-7),坏消息,不随意苟同(诗15:3);
  11. 不鼓励传舌者(箴25:23)、奉承者(箴26:24-25)、诽谤者(诗101:5);
  12. 珍惜自己的名誉,并在需要的时候予以辩护(箴22:1;约8:49);
  13. 遵守合乎上帝律法的誓言(诗15:4);
  14. 凡是真实的、诚实的、可爱的、有美名的,都要考察、遵行(腓4:8)。

Q. 144. What are the duties required in the ninth commandment?

A. The duties required in the ninth commandment are, the preserving and promoting of truth between man and man, and the good name of our neighbor, as well as our own; appearing and standing for the truth; and from the heart, sincerely, freely, clearly, and fully, speaking the truth, and only the truth, in matters of judgment and justice, and in all other things whatsoever; a charitable esteem of our neighbors; loving, desiring, and rejoicing in their good name; sorrowing for and covering of their infirmities; freely acknowledging of their gifts and graces, defending their innocency; a ready receiving of a good report, and unwillingness to admit of an evil report, concerning them; discouraging talebearers, flatterers, and slanderers; love and care of our own good name, and defending it when need requireth; keeping of lawful promises; studying and practicing of whatsoever things are true, honest, lovely, and of good report.

145问:在第九条诫命中,禁止什么罪行?

答:在第九条诫命中,禁止的罪行是:

  1. 一切损害他人和我们自身诚实与名誉的事(撒上17:28;撒下16:3;1:9-10,15-16),特别是在司法审判中(利19:15;来1:4);
  2. 提供伪证(箴19:5;6:16,19);
  3. 唆使他人作假见证(徒6:13);
  4. 故意为邪恶之事辩护,不顾事实,夸大其辞(耶9:3,5;徒24:2,5;诗12:3-4;52:1-4);
  5. 作出不公义的判决(箴17:15;王上21:9-14);
  6. 称善为恶,称恶为善;把义人当得的归于恶人,把恶人当得的归于义人(赛5:23);
  7. 编造谎言(诗119:69;路19:8;16:5-7);
  8. 掩盖事实真相,对正义之事不当地保持沉默(利5:1;申13:8;徒5:3,8-9;提后4:6);
  9. 对罪恶应予指责时却不仗义直言(王上1:6;利19:17),也不向他人申诉(赛59:4);
  10. 虽说真话,却不合时宜(箴29:11),或心存恶意(撒上22:9-10,比较诗52:1-5),或颠倒黑白,故意歪曲(诗56:5;约2:19,比较太26:60-61),或言辞含糊,模棱两可,以致损害事实或公义(创3:5;26:7,9);
  11. 不说真话(赛59:13);
  12. 说谎(利19:11;西3:9);
  13. 诽谤(诗50:20);
  14. 谗谤(诗15:3);
  15. 毁损(雅4:11;耶38:4);
  16. 搬弄是非(利19:16);
  17. 传播谣言(罗1:29-30);
  18. 嘲弄他人(创21:9,比较加4:29);
  19. 辱骂他人(林前6:10);
  20. 轻率论断(太7:1);
  21. 言语苛刻(徒28:4);
  22. 论断不公(创38:24;罗2:1);
  23. 曲解他人的目的、言语和行动(尼6:6-8;罗3:8;诗69:10;撒上1:13-15;撒下10:3);
  24. 油嘴滑舌(诗12:2-3);
  25. 虚荣自夸(提后3:2);
  26. 自高自大,高抬别人,或妄自菲薄,小看别人(路18:9,11;罗12:16;林前4:6;徒12:22;出4:10-14);
  27. 否定来自上帝的恩赐和美德(伯27:5-6;4:6);
  28. 吹毛求疵(太7:3-5);
  29. 本该坦白认罪,却躲躲藏藏,寻找借口,减轻罪责(箴28:13;30:20;创3:12-13;耶2:35;王下5:25;创4:9);
  30. 泄漏人不该泄漏的软弱(创9:22;箴25:9-10);
  31. 散布谣言(出23:1);
  32. 听信谎言(箴29:12);
  33. 掩耳不听正当的辩护(徒7:56-57;伯31:13-14);
  34. 妄自猜疑(林前13:5;提前6:4);
  35. 对别人所当得的尊荣,嫉妒恼怒(民11:29;太21:15),妄图予以削弱、损害(拉4:12-13),别人蒙羞受辱,则高兴欢喜(耶48:27);
  36. 蔑视别人,加以戏弄(诗35:15-16,21;太27:28-29);
  37. 献媚他人(犹16;徒12:22);
  38. 违背合乎上帝律法的诺言(罗1:31;提后3:3);
  39. 对关涉美名之事,漫不经心(撒上2:24);
  40. 对招致臭名之事,则去亲自践行,或不加回避,或未尽力拦阻他人(撒下13:12-13;箴5:8-9;6:33)。

Q. 145. What are the sins forbidden in the ninth commandment?

A. The sins forbidden in the ninth commandment are, all prejudicing the truth, and the good name of our neighbors, as well as our own, especially in public judicature; giving false evidence, suborning false witnesses, wittingly appearing and pleading for an evil cause, outfacing and overbearing the truth; passing unjust sentence, calling evil good, and good evil; rewarding the wicked according to the work of the righteous, and the righteous according to the work of the wicked; forgery, concealing the truth, undue silence in a just cause, and holding our peace when iniquity calleth for either a reproof from ourselves, or complaint to others; speaking the truth unseasonably, or maliciously to a wrong end, or perverting it to a wrong meaning, or in doubtful or equivocal expressions, to the prejudice of the truth or justice; speaking untruth, lying, slandering, backbiting, detracting, talebearing, whispering, scoffing, reviling, rash, harsh, and partial censuring; misconstructing intentions, words, and actions; flattering, vainglorious boasting, thinking or speaking too highly or too meanly of ourselves or others; denying the gifts and graces of God; aggravating smaller faults; hiding, excusing, or extenuating of sins, when called to a free confession; unnecessary discovering of infirmities; raising false rumors, receiving and countenancing evil reports, and stopping our ears against just defense; evil suspicion; envying or grieving at the deserved credit of any; endeavoring or desiring to impair it, rejoicing in their disgrace and infamy; scornful contempt, fond admiration; breach of lawful promises; neglecting such things as are of good report, and practicing, or not avoiding ourselves, or not hindering what we can in others, such things as procure an ill name.