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六十五、第五条诫命

123问：第五条诫命是什么？

答：第五条诫命是:“当孝敬父母，使你的日子在耶和华你上帝所赐你的地上，得以长久”（出20:12） 。

Q. 123. Which is the fifth commandment?

A. The fifth commandment is, Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.

124问：在第五条诫命中，“父母”是指谁？

答：在第五条诫命中，“父母”一词所指的不仅是肉身的父母（箴23:22，25；弗6:1－2），还包括在年纪（提前5:1－2）和恩赐（创4:20－22；创45:8）上超过我们的一切尊长；特别是那些按照上帝的安排，于家庭（王下5:13）、教会（王下2:12；13:14；加4:19）、国家中（赛49:23），在我们之上有权柄的人。

Q. 124. Who are meant by father and mother in the fifth commandment?

A. By father and mother, in the fifth commandment, are meant, not only natural parents, but all superiors in age and gifts; and especially such as, by God’s ordinance, are over us in place of authority, whether in family, church, or commonwealth.

125问：为什么尊称尊长如父母呢？

答：尊称尊长如父母，是为了教导他们向晚辈履行自己各种本分时，当像肉身的父母一样，同时又当根据他们各种不同的关系，向晚辈表达慈爱和温柔（弗6:4；林后12:14；帖前2:7－8，11；民11:11－12）；并使晚辈甘心乐意、欢欢喜喜地完成他们向尊长当尽的本分，正如对父母一样（林前4:14－16；王下5:13）。

Q. 125. Why are superiors styled Father and Mother?

A. Superiors are styled Father and Mother, both to teach them in all duties toward their inferiors, like natural parents, to express love and tenderness to them, according to their several relations; and to work inferiors to a greater willingness and cheerfulness in performing their duties to their superiors, as to their parents.

126问：第五条诫命的一般范围是什么？

答：第五条诫命的一般范围是，作为晚辈、长辈、或同辈，在我们与他人的各种关系中，履行彼此当尽的责任（弗5:21；彼前2:17；罗12:10）。

Q. 126. What is the general scope of the fifth commandment?

A. The general scope of the fifth commandment is, the performance of those duties which we mutually owe in our several relations, as inferiors, superiors or equals.

127问：晚辈当如何尊重长辈？

答：晚辈当尊重长辈，包括：

  1. 在心思（玛1:6；利19:3）、言语（箴31:28；彼前3:6）和行为（利19:32；王上2:19）上给予当得的敬重；
  2. 为他们祷告感恩（提前2:1－2）；
  3. 效法他们的美德（来13:7；腓3:17）；
  4. 甘心乐意地顺服他们合乎上帝律法的吩咐和忠告（弗6:1－2，5－7；彼前2:13－14；罗13:1－5；来13:17；箴4:3－4；23:22；出18:19，24）；
  5. 对于他们的责备，该听从的就当听从（来12:9；彼前2:18－20）；
  6. 根据他们的身份和地位（太22:21；罗13:6－7；提前5:17－18；加6:6；创45:11；47:12），忠于（多2:9－10）、保卫（撒上26:15－16；撒下18:3；斯6:2）、维护他们的人格和权威；
  7. 包容他们的软弱，并以爱心遮盖他们（彼前2:18；箴23:22；创9:23），如此就可成为他们及其治理上引以为荣的人（诗127:3－5；箴31:23）。

Q. 127. What is the honor that inferiors owe to their superiors?

A. The honor which inferiors owe to their superiors is, all due reverence in heart, word, and behavior; prayer and thanksgiving for them; imitation of their virtues and graces; willing obedience to their lawful commands and counsels; due submission to their corrections; fidelity to, defense, and maintenance of their persons and authority, according to their several ranks, and the nature of their places; bearing with their infirmities, and covering them in love, that so they may be an honor to them and to their government.

128问：晚辈冒犯长辈的罪是什么？

答：晚辈冒犯长辈的罪是，

  1. 忽略向他们当尽的责任（太15:4－6）；
  2. 在他们合乎上帝律法的忠告（撒上2:25）、吩咐和责备（申21:18－21）上，嫉妒（民11:28－29）、蔑视（撒上8:7；赛3:5）、反叛（撒下15:1－12）他们（出21:15）和他们的地位（撒上10:27）；
  3. 咒诅嘲笑（箴言30：11，17），冥顽不化，造谣中伤，如此成为他们及其治理上贻羞致辱之人（箴19:26）。

Q. 128. What are the sins of inferiors against their superiors?

A. The sins of inferiors against their superiors are, all neglect of the duties required toward them; envying at, contempt of, and rebellion against their persons and places, in their lawful counsels, commands, and corrections; cursing, mocking, and all such refractory and scandalous carriage, as proves a shame and dishonor to them and their government.

129问：长辈当向晚辈尽什么责任？

答：长辈当向晚辈所尽的责任是：

  1. 根据他们从上帝所受的权柄，以及他们所处的关系，爱护晚辈（西3:19；多2:4），为他们祷告（撒上12:23；伯1:5），祝福他们（王上8:55－56；来7:7；创49:28）；教训（申6:6－7），劝勉，告诫（弗6:4）他们；
  2. 行得好的，鼓励赞同（彼前3:7），表扬称赞（彼前2:14；罗13:3），予以嘉奖（斯6:3）；
  3. 行得坏的，不予认同（罗13:3－4），予以责备，管教惩罚（箴29:15；彼前2:14）；
  4. 对于他们灵魂（弗6:4）和身体（提前5:8）所必需的一切，善加保护（伯29:12－17；赛1:10，17），予以供应；
  5. 严肃庄重，智慧通达，惟圣惟洁，以身作则，使上帝得荣耀（提前4:12；多2:3－5），自己受尊重（王上3:28），上帝所赐予的权柄得以保守（多2:15）。

Q. 129. What is required of superiors towards their inferiors?

A. It is required of superiors, according to that power they receive from God, and that relation wherein they stand, to love, pray for, and bless their inferiors; to instruct, counsel, and admonish them; countenancing, commending, and rewarding such as do well; and discountenancing, reproving, and chastising such as do ill; protecting, and providing for them all things necessary for soul and body: and by grave, wise, holy, and exemplary carriage, to procure glory to God, honor to themselves, and so to preserve that authority which God hath put upon them.

130问：长辈易犯的罪是什么？

答：长辈易犯的罪，除了忽略他们当尽的责任之外（结34:2－4），还包括：

  1. 专求自己的事（腓2:21），追求自己的荣耀（约5:44；7:18）、舒适、好处和快乐（赛56:10－11；申17:17）；
  2. 要求晚辈去行不合乎上帝律法（但3:4－6；徒4:17－18），或超出他们权能之事（出5:10－18；太23:2，4）；
  3. 对于行恶的，出谋划策（太14:8；可6:24），怂恿教唆（撒下13:28），恩宠有加（撒上3:13）；
  4. 对于行善的，横加拦阻，打击士气，不予认同（约7:46－49；西3:21；出5:17）；责备不当（彼前2:18－20；来12:10；申25:3）；
  5. 粗心大意，把晚辈置于谬误、诱惑和危险之中不管不顾（创38:11，26；徒18:17）；激怒他们（弗6:4）；
  6. 以及任何因着不公义、不慎重、为人苛刻、疏忽职责所导致的羞辱自己、削弱自身权威之事（创9:21；王上12:13－16；1:6；撒上2:29－31）。

Q. 130. What are the sins of superiors?

A. The sins of superiors are, besides the neglect of the duties required of them, an inordinate seeking of themselves, their own glory, ease, profit, or pleasure; commanding things unlawful, or not in the power of inferiors to perform; counseling, encouraging, or favoring them in that which is evil; dissuading, discouraging, or discountenancing them in that which is good; correcting them unduly; careless exposing, or leaving them to wrong, temptation, and danger; provoking them to wrath; or any way dishonoring themselves, or lessening their authority, by an unjust, indiscreet, rigorous, or remiss behavior.

131问：同辈之间的责任是什么？

答：同辈之间的责任是：

  1. 彼此尊重对方的尊严和价值（彼前2:17）；
  2. 在他人面前把荣誉归给对方（罗12:10）；
  3. 为对方的恩赐和长进而高兴欢喜，如同己有（罗12:15－16；腓2:3－4）。

Q. 131. What are the duties of equals?

A. The duties of equals are, to regard the dignity and worth of each other, in giving honor to go one before another; and to rejoice in each others’ gifts and advancement, as their own.

132问：同辈之间易犯的罪是什么？

答：同辈之间易犯的罪，除了忽略当尽的责任之外（罗13:8），还包括：

  1. 贬低对方的价值（提后3:3）；
  2. 嫉妒对方的恩赐（徒7:9；加5:26）；
  3. 因对方长进兴盛而心里难受（民12:2；斯6:12－13）；
  4. 篡夺对方的权柄，压制对方（约叁9；路22:24）。

Q. 132. What are the sins of equals?

A. The sins of equals are, besides the neglect of the duties required, the undervaluing of the worth, envying the gifts, grieving at the advancement or prosperity one of another; and usurping preeminence one over another.

133问：对于履行第五条诫命所附加的理由是什么？

答：对于履行第五条诫命所附加的理由是，“使你的日子在耶和华你上帝所赐你的地上，得以长久”（出20:12）。这是一个明确的长寿与兴盛的应许，所有遵行这一诫命的人，只要使上帝得荣耀，自己得益处，就必长寿兴盛（申5:16；王上8:25；弗6:2－3）。

Q. 133. What is the reason annexed to the fifth commandment, the more to enforce it?

A. The reason annexed to the fifth commandment, in these words, That thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee, is an express promise of long life and prosperity, as far as it shall serve for God’s glory and their own good, to all such as keep this commandment.

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